Second-generation computers:1956-1963
Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but were not use in computers until the 1950s. The transistor was so much better than the vacuum tube, This allowed computers to be smaller, faster, cheaper, more efficient, and more reliable than the first-generation computers. The transistor still had a problem of overheating the cause damage to the computer, like the vacuum tube, but were more improved than first-generation computers.
1.COBOL
COBOL stands for COmmon Business Oriented Language. It was the second-oldest high level programming language. This programming was mainly used for business applications. It was invented by Grace Hopper in 1959 to help her other inventions. Unlike other programming stuff, this one was the most wordy. This is still the most widely used programming language in the world.
2.FORTRAN
FORTRAN stands for FORmula TRANslator. It was the oldest high level programming language. It was designed by John Backus in the late 1950's for IBM. It is mainly used for numeric computation and scientific computing. FORTRAN is still used today with new FORTRAN versions being created and used for computer purposes.
3.IBM 1400 Series
The IBM 1400 Series was created by IBM. There were a bunch of computers or processing systems created during the second generation. Sadly, the IBM 1400 Series did not last longer, as it became obsolete in the third-generation of computers.
Grace Hopper
She was born on December 9, 1906 in New York City, USA. She went to Vassar College and later to Yale University. She was in the Navy Reserve for WW2 and worked in the Eckert-Mauchly Corporation. She helped make the UNIVAC and the COBOL. She also tested several programs like the FORTRAN. She died on January 1, 1992 in Arlington, USA.
Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but were not use in computers until the 1950s. The transistor was so much better than the vacuum tube, This allowed computers to be smaller, faster, cheaper, more efficient, and more reliable than the first-generation computers. The transistor still had a problem of overheating the cause damage to the computer, like the vacuum tube, but were more improved than first-generation computers.
1.COBOL
COBOL stands for COmmon Business Oriented Language. It was the second-oldest high level programming language. This programming was mainly used for business applications. It was invented by Grace Hopper in 1959 to help her other inventions. Unlike other programming stuff, this one was the most wordy. This is still the most widely used programming language in the world.
2.FORTRAN
FORTRAN stands for FORmula TRANslator. It was the oldest high level programming language. It was designed by John Backus in the late 1950's for IBM. It is mainly used for numeric computation and scientific computing. FORTRAN is still used today with new FORTRAN versions being created and used for computer purposes.
3.IBM 1400 Series
The IBM 1400 Series was created by IBM. There were a bunch of computers or processing systems created during the second generation. Sadly, the IBM 1400 Series did not last longer, as it became obsolete in the third-generation of computers.
Grace Hopper
She was born on December 9, 1906 in New York City, USA. She went to Vassar College and later to Yale University. She was in the Navy Reserve for WW2 and worked in the Eckert-Mauchly Corporation. She helped make the UNIVAC and the COBOL. She also tested several programs like the FORTRAN. She died on January 1, 1992 in Arlington, USA.